Consumer, small business, and commercial credit, debit, and prepaid cards carrying Visa, Mastercard, American Express, Maestro, Diners Club, UnionPay, and general purpose domestic market-only brands issued by the 50 largest issuers in Europe are ranked on pages 8 and 9. Those issuers operated from 29 countries. As of December 31, 2019, the top 50 combined issued 839.7 million payment cards that generated $2.984 trillion in purchase volume (spending for goods and services). Visa and Mastercard credit, debit, and prepaid cards combined reached 709.3 million and accounted for $2.713 trillion i...