Credit, debit and prepaid consumer, small business and commercial card portfolios owned by the 50 largest issuers in Europe are ranked on page 7. Cards issued are a combination of those with global brands that operate on the Mastercard, Visa, American Express and Diners Club networks and those that are general purpose domestic market brands such as Mir (Russia), Troy (Turkey) and DinaCard (Serbia) that function only within a local market. Mastercard and Visa cards reached 571.9 million at year-end 2023 and accounted for 62.2% of all cards issued by the top 50. Purchase volume on those cards...