The 50 largest issuers of consumer, small business and commercial credit cards carrying the Visa and Mastercard brands combined owned $683.09 billion in outstanding receivables at year-end 2021. This was an increase of 7.4% from $635.95 billion for the top 50 at year-end 2020. The industry average increase in Visa and Mastercard credit card outstandings for 2021 was 6.4%. New to the top 50 in 2021 were Upgrade, a fintech, with a 539.5% increase in outstandings; Ally Bank, which bought Fair Square Financial’s credit card business; and Zions Bancorporation, which ranked 51st last year. Amon...