Credit, debit and prepaid consumer, small business and commercial card portfolios owned by Europe’s 50 largest issuers are ranked on pages 6 and 7. Those cards include Mastercard, Visa, American Express, Diners Club, JCB, UnionPay and general purpose domestic-market-only brands. Issuers ranked in the top 50 were from 30 countries. As of December 31, 2022, this group collectively had 1.01 billion payment cards in circulation. In calendar year 2022, those cards generated $3.452 trillion in purchase volume (spending for goods and services).

Mastercard and Visa c...