On December 23, 2022, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued an order requiring Mastercard to fully comply with the 2010 Durbin Amendment to the Dodd-Frank Act, which requires that debit card issuers enable a minimum of two unaffiliated networks on every debit card. The FTC says that the current practice of tokenizing online debit Mastercard transactions effectively locks those payments to the Mastercard network. This denies ecommerce merchants the opportunity to route payments to an alternative, less expensive network such as Star, Nyce, Pulse or Accel. Tokens are integral to increas...