The 50 largest issuers of debit and prepaid cards in the United States generated purchase volume for good and services of $1.989 trillion in 2018, an increase of 9.5% over 2017. Included in that purchase volume was all consumer and commercial signature and PIN-based card products cleared through Visa, Mastercard, Discover, and the regional EFT networks. ACH network, private label prepaid cards, cash withdrawals at ATMs, as well as cash back at merchants are not included in figures shown in this article. There were 567.5 million debit and prepaid cards in circulation from the top 50 issuers ...