The growing acceptance of account-to-account payments, including transactions with real-time settlement, has brought about a commensurate increase in fraud from stolen credentials used for account takeovers. More worrisome have been losses from a new form of criminal activity—scams that involve consumers duped into initiating a payment to a criminal’s bank account. There is an important difference between losses to unauthorized fraud and authorized scams. Unauthorized transactions that result in funds being pushed to a criminal’s account from a consumer’s account are usually reimbur...