Since the first quarter of 2020, multiple factors have contributed to shortages in the availability of EMV-compliant microprocessor chips and a concurrent increase in prices for finished credit, debit and prepaid cards delivered to issuers worldwide. In 2021, card manufacturers received between 10% and 15% fewer chips from semiconductor manufacturers, which are located mostly in South Korea and Taiwan, than the amount they needed to deliver finished products to card issuers. This year, there is expected to be another 10% gap between supply and demand. Manufacturers of cards experienced a mo...