Purchase volume generated by the 150 largest issuers of debit cards totaled $9.888 trillion in 2020, down 5.7% from 2019. The top 10 issuers accounted for 60.1% of purchase volume in 2020. That group was dominated by five issuers from China, where most of the purchase volume was generated by UnionPay cards. Those five issuers collectively accounted for $4.375 trillion in purchase volume. The three U.S. issuers among the top 10 combined generated $1.123 trillion. Russia’s largest debit card issuer moved into the top 10 with purchase volume of $246.76 billion. The largest U.K. issuer had $2...